Canada

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Climate Stripes

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Mean Rate of Change ( °C / Century )

Since:	1760	1810	1860	1910	1960	1990
Canada	-	0.98 ± 0.26	1.31 ± 0.26	1.50 ± 0.18	3.64 ± 0.24	6.50 ± 0.43
North America	-	0.82 ± 0.23	1.02 ± 0.18	1.11 ± 0.11	2.90 ± 0.19	4.72 ± 0.28
Northern Hemisphere	-	0.79 ± 0.16	0.96 ± 0.10	1.19 ± 0.05	2.56 ± 0.20	3.56 ± 0.20
Global Land	0.43 ± 0.18	0.79 ± 0.13	0.91 ± 0.08	1.11 ± 0.03	2.16 ± 0.11	2.78 ± 0.13

Temperature Record Months and Years

Hottest Monthly and Annual Averages

Rank	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Annual
1	1981	2010	2010	2010	1998	2006	2012	1998	2012	1947	2016	2006	2010
2	2016	1998	1981	1915	2006	2012	2007	2012	1938	2010	2009	2002	2006
3	2017	2012	2000	1998	2016	1995	2020	2016	2009	1963	1981	1987	1998
4	1944	1981	1999	2006	1952	1998	1998	2010	1940	1938	2010	1939	2016
5	2006	1999	1924	2005	1980	1955	2010	2017	2011	1943	1998	1952	1981
6	1958	1977	1946	1952	2017	2013	2011	2011	1998	2011	1923	1969	2012
7	2001	1984	1942	1984	1977	2016	2016	1981	2017	2013	1943	2020	2001
8	2010	1920	1945	1999	2012	1975	2018	2020	2001	2003	1953	1997	1999
9	1987	2000	2006	1976	2001	2015	1941	2013	2006	1942	1928	1928	2017
10	2007	1941	1958	1953	2015	2014	2006	2001	2013	1994	1899	2001	2005

Months and years with an estimated uncertainty greater than 1 °C are omitted.

Coldest Monthly and Annual Averages

Rank	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Annual
1	1950	1979	1923	1907	1907	1918	1912	1968	1972	1919	1986	1933	1972
2	1911	1936	1964	1954	1983	1902	1918	1982	1965	1972	1985	1917	1887
3	1935	1914	1899	1893	1918	1917	1972	1934	1956	1959	1933	1972	1875
4	1909	1939	1974	1928	1956	1969	1992	1950	1974	1925	1935	1970	1862
5	1954	1949	1939	1948	1917	1915	1929	1907	1904	1936	1966	1980	1917
6	1982	1972	1913	1945	2004	1986	1968	1987	1984	1939	1927	1927	1884
7	1907	1922	1989	1967	2002	1978	1913	1923	1992	1898	1989	1983	1907
8	1925	1910	1955	1947	1929	1940	1978	1959	1980	1917	1932	2013	1844
9	1972	1994	1943	1982	1947	1945	1965	1978	1926	1974	1955	1984	1837
10	1966	1909	1948	1972	1970	1929	1915	1912	2018	1978	1919	1971	1883

Months and years with an estimated uncertainty greater than 1 °C are omitted.

Seasonal Changes

Regional Climate Variability

Difference from Global Land Average ( °C, 95% range )

Smoothing	Monthly	Annual	Five-year	Ten-year	Twenty-year
	± 2.49	± 1.00	± 0.49	± 0.37	± 0.29

Correlation to Global Land Average (R value)

Smoothing	Monthly	Annual	Five-year	Ten-year	Twenty-year
	0.63	0.83	0.95	0.97	0.98

Variability in Monthly Means ( °C, 95% range )

Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun
± 3.93	± 4.03	± 3.50	± 2.92	± 2.11	± 1.78
Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
± 1.36	± 1.40	± 1.69	± 2.36	± 3.14	± 3.89

History of Temperature Stations

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Evolution of Climate Extremes

Mean of Daily High Temperature

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Mean of Daily Low Temperature

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Change in Diurnal Range

Canada Global Context Map

Canada Local Context Map

Land Area:	9,590,000 km²
Percent of Global Land Area:	6.52%

Active Stations:	1,213
Former Stations:	3,200
Monthly Mean Observations:	1,366,765
Earliest Observation:	October 1774

Active Stations:	4,831
Former Stations:	6,993
Monthly Mean Observations:	4,428,143
Earliest Observation:	November 1743

Dataset Updated:	15-Nov-2013 16:20:30
Temperature Sites:	40,747
Monthly Mean Observations:	15,717,007
Most Recent Month:	October 2013
Earliest Month:	January 1701